Transition from normal to abnormal market behavior
Image attribution: Sharronzabary; CC BY-SA 3.0
Stock market investing and financial decision making is linked to behavioral science. Human behavior underlies quantitative models, algorithm based trading, fundamental analysis, and valuation equations in finance. In other words, it is another important sphere of finance that is relevant to stock market events. Since human behavior cannot currently be scientifically predicted on a continual basis as evident in the inability of game theory and political analysis to do so, the 'next best thing' may be behavioral finance in the sense it can supplement scientific evaluation.
Behavioral finance
The field of behavioral finance postulates and theorizes psychological motivations form a basis for individual financial decisions. A number of different concepts relate to this, of which optimism bias is a well known one. Broadly speaking optimism bias is a human trait that looks at life and aspects of it such as the stock market with a less than realistic assessment. Whether or not attributes of behavioral finance studied are human adaptations or instinct is perhaps given less weight than their relevance to finance. For example, how 'compartmentalization', a theory of identity discussed by Psychlopedia and others, can influence investing behavior in the stock market.
Market psychology
Market psychology is an aspect of behavioral finance. Market psychology refers to specific behavioral decisions that are reflected by stock markets in a way that defies purely numerical financial logic. Market psychology is generally associated with aggregated emotions such as fear, happiness, frustration and so on. Since humans are inevitably both logical, and emotional beings among other things, it is for the most part impossible to be quantitatively logical 100 percent of the time, which is when emotions and other psychological decision making processes can take hold of the stock market.
Individual psychology
Individual psychology is the component element of market psychology. A number of non-mathematical decision making techniques that 'behavioral finance' calls heuristics can affect investors' financial decisions. An example of a heuristic decision is one based on pattern recognition. Heuristics are an attribute of Prospect theory which according to Thayer Watkins of Saint Joss State University, states people are more likely to choose less money if the probability of acquiring it is 100 percent, but will take a greater risk for more money if the higher probability is lower than 100 percent in some cases.
Consumer behavior
On the buying side of the equation is consumer behavior. This relates to the psychology of consumerism which itself indirectly impacts the stock market through consumer expenditures, an economic statistic often consulted prior to stock trading. According to the University of Southern California at Marshall, consumer behavior deals with matters such as what social influences, thought processes and perceptions affect buyer behavior. Moreover consumer behavior studies how these influences can themselves be affected by advertising and market research.
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